Effects of herbivore damage and nutrient level on induction of iridoid glycosides in Plantago lanceolata

摘要: Damage by larvae of the buckeye butterfly (Junonia coenia) resulted in removal 15–25% Plantago lanceolata leaf area. Plants grown under high nutrients were larger than those low nutrients. Twenty-eight days after herbivory, plants still nutrients, and exposed to herbivores significantly smaller not herbivores, regardless nutrient treatment. also increased iridoid glycoside content leaves reproductive tissues these relative undamaged controls. Whether damaged or undamaged, P. was highest lowest roots. Although initial concentrations glycosides higher conditions conditions, availability did alter phytochemical response herbivore damage. These results provide additional support for defensive role demonstrating that variation is always an incidental effect stress but can be a direct damage herbivores.