摘要: Publisher Summary Addiction follows a chronic course, with periods of abstinence followed by relapse. Vulnerability to relapse can persist even after years abstinence, suggesting that long-lasting and perhaps permanent neurobiological changes underlie addiction. The incentive-sensitization theory addiction proposes sensitization occurs in the neural systems attribute incentive salience drugs drug-associated cues. Alternatively, is characterized as spiraling cycle hedonic dysregulation driven many factors, but an important role ascribed negative affective states during drug abstinence. There are tremendous individual differences vulnerability, reflecting both genetic environmental influences, people experiment potentially addictive without progressing compulsive use. Long-term exposure produces physiological behavioral contribute Tolerance need for increasing doses achieve same effect. Sensitization refers enhancement responses result repeated exposure. For given drug, it possible certain effects show tolerance others sensitization. Dependence adapted physiological state cells or develops compensate excessive stimulation drug.
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