Synergistic Effects of Subsistence Hunting and Habitat Fragmentation on Amazonian Forest Vertebrates

摘要: Subsistence game hunting has profound negative effects on the species diversity, standing biomass, and size structure of vertebrate assemblages in Amazonian forests that otherwise remain largely undis- turbed. These are likely to be considerably aggravated by forest fragmentation because fragments more accessible hunters, allow no (or very low rates ) recolonization from nonharvested source popula- tions, may provide a lower-quality resource base for frugivore-granivore fauna. I exam- ined likelihood midsized large-bodied bird mammal populations persisting variable sizes whenever they continue harvested subsistence hunters aftermath isolation. used data comprehensive compilation game-harvest studies throughout Neotropical for- ests estimate degree which different have been overharvested then cal- culated range minimum areas required maintain sustainable harvest. The distribution 5564 fragments—estimated Landsat images six regions southern eastern Brazilian Amazonia—clearly shows these predominantly small rarely exceed 10 ha, suggesting persistent overhunting is drive most large local extinction fragmented landscapes. Although experimental this synergism unavailable, prospect increasingly can retain their full assem- blages avian mammalian unlikely.