Ethnogenesis and surplus food production: communitas and identity building among nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ilchamus, Lake Baringo, Kenya

摘要: ABSTRACTMost archaeological discussions of surplus production tend to focus either on its role in the emergence and maintenance social complexity (whether among hunter-gatherers, farming communities or incipient states) enabling properties as a basis for technological advances aesthetic elaboration. Here, we offer rather different perspective an initiator communitas driver ethnogenesis following period intense socio-ecological stress, environmental degradation localized demographic decline during nineteenth century. The particular case study concerns Maa-language-speaking Ilchamus community who currently occupy areas around southern end Lake Baringo Central Rift Valley, Kenya. Drawing combination new evidence, oral accounts archival sources, paper details processes whereby destitute groups were drawn together into acts food production, initially grain via implementation...