Chlorine residuals and haloacetic acid reduction in rapid sand filtration.

摘要: Abstract It is quite rare to find biodegradation in rapid sand filtration for drinking water treatment. This might be due frequent backwashes and low substrate levels. High chlorine concentrations may inhibit biofilm development, especially plants with pre-chlorination. However, tropical or subtropical regions, bioactivity on the surface significant high development—a result of year-round temperature. The objective this study explore correlation between concentration filters, treatment that practise In study, haloacetic acid (HAA) was found conventional filters practising Laboratory column studies field investigations were conducted association HAAs concentrations. results showed residual an important factor alters development. A model based filter influent effluent developed determining threshold biodegradation. From model, a temperature independent (Clthreshold) estimated at 0.46–0.5 mg L−1. imply adequate control could conducive bioactivity, resulting lower HAA Optimizing biodegradable disinfection by-product removal achieved minor variation lower-than-Clthreshold concentration. Bacteria isolation also carried out, successfully identifying several degraders. These degraders are very commonly seen systems can speculated as main contributor loss.