A matter of history: effects of tourism on physiology, behaviour and breeding parameters in Magellanic penguins ( Spheniscus magellanicus ) at two colonies in Argentina

摘要: Increasing ecotourism activity in Argentine Patagonia has led to concerns about the effects of on wildlife populations. Penguin breeding colonies are popular tourist destinations. While some species penguins habituate human visits, others exhibit negative due disturbance. We studied tourism Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at San Lorenzo colony located Peninsula Valdes, Chubut, Argentina. measured behavioural, physiological, and reproductive parameters birds nesting tourist-visited non-visited areas. 11 years visitation history a low intensity visitors (~10,000 annually). After 15 min simulated visit, area showed fewer alternate head turns lower plasma levels stress hormone corticosterone than area. However, similar baseline between areas as well integrated expressed after an acute stressor. success chick growth were compared these findings results previously published from Punta Tombo, with longer (+50 years) high annual (>120,000 people). Many (reproductive behavioural parameters), but not all (physiological our similar. That physiological difference exists may suggest that previous plays important role response birds. Thus, continuous monitoring is important, disturbance seems have effect how respond tourists.