Early Environmental Conditions Shape Personality Types in a Jumping Spider

摘要: Individuals of many species across the animal kingdom are found to be less plastic than expected, even in behavioral traits. The existence consistent differences between individuals, termed personality differences, is puzzling, since behavior considered ideal enable animals adaptively respond changes environmental conditions. In order elucidate which mechanisms important for evolution it crucial understand aspects environment development differences. Here, we tested whether physical or social during influence individual differentiation (mean level behavior) using jumping spider Marpissa muscosa. Furthermore, assessed those behaviors were repeatable, i.e. personalities existed. We applied a split-brood design and raised siblings three different environments: deprived with no enrichment, socially physically enriched environment. focused on exploratory repeatedly novel object test. Results show that influenced spiders’ tendencies: spiders environments tended more exploratory. Most investigated repeatable (i.e. existed) all individuals tested, whereas only few also had experienced same condition. Taken together, our results indicate external stimuli can one aspect personality, inter-individual variation behavior), spider. family by interactions traits potentially suggesting genetic developmental plasticity.