Heterogeneous tumor features and treatment outcome between males and females with lung cancer (LC): Do gender and sex matter?

摘要: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, despite a decreasing incidence rate in recent years, especially men. Most risk factors for LC could be linked to an individual's reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics ('sex-related') and/or some physical, behavioral personality traits ('gender-related') peculiar males rather than females or vice versa. An imbalance these etiologic explain why features may differ between sexes. For this review, extended literature data collection was performed, using keywords identify 'sex/gender' 'LC'. Differences genders epidemiology, pathological molecular characteristics, loco-regional systemic treatments outcome prognosis were systematically analyzed. The possible predictive role physio-pathological paves way personalized therapeutic approach, emphasizing need include gender as stratification factor future clinical trials design.