Comparative Nephroprotective Effects of Silymarin, N-Acetylcysteine, and Thymoquinone Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

摘要: Background: Many pharmacological agents may lead to kidney damage. Preventing nephrotoxicity reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality, as well decreasing hospitalization costs. Objectives: In this study, we investigated comparative nephroprotective effects silymarin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), thymoquinone (TQ) in animal models (rats) which induced using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Methods: This experimental study was conducted at animals center Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey, 2015. Thirty-eight adult male Wistar rats were used study. We defined five groups treated them for four weeks. The first group (n = 8) given no medicine. second only CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally (IP), olive oil, twice a week). third 6) TQ (10 mg/kg, IP, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), daily) mL/kg). fourth silymarin (100 DMSO, mL/kg), while fifth NAC kidneys all every evaluated histologically light microscopic methods end week. A grading scheme score histological alterations related tubular injury: absent (−), mild (+), moderate (++), severe (+++), quite (++++). Results: terms mean values damage, had 0.0, 3.88 ± 0.35, 1.00 0.89, 2.13 1.13, 2.75 1.04. results showed that, histopathologically, toxic effect on tubules when compared control group, although glomeruli intact. Silymarin, TQ, statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, three, most powerful agent Conclusions: conclusion, suggest that be prophylactic against nephrotoxicity, especially instances injury. human-based studies are still needed.