Fluency beyond the primary grades: From group performance to silent, independent reading

摘要: e all know fluent reading when we hear it, but what exactly is it? Fluency integral to comprehen sion and a critical component of successful reading, even researchers don't agree on single definition (Strecker, Roser, & Martinez, 1998). In fact, fluency not simple concept (Zuteil Rasinski, 1991). Like music, it consists only rate, accuracy, auto maticity, also phrasing, smoothness, expressiveness. gives language its mu sical quality, rhythm flow, makes sound effortless. Even classroom contexts experi ences are rich, many students do develop oral their own (Pinnell et al., 1995) need explicit instruction that specifically target fluency. Students understand the goal constructing meaning in helps ease, under standing while silently. Traditional methods practice, such as unre hearsed may focus either comprehension or student engagement. literacy autobiographies preservice teachers over past 5 years, have been struck by enduring memories this type aloud school. All names pseudonyms. w Stacey: I felt if could read fast enough, other kids