Assembly and Phase Transitions within Colloidal Crystals

摘要: Micrometre sized colloidal particles can be viewed as large atoms with tailorable size, shape and interactions. These building blocks assemble into extremely rich structures phases, in which the thermal motions of directly imaged tracked using optical microscopy. Hence, are excellent model systems for studying phase transitions, especially poorly understood kinetic nonequilibrium microscale processes. Advances colloid fabrication, assembly computer simulations have opened up numerous possibilities such research. In this Review, we describe recent progress study crystals composed tunable isotropic spheres, anisotropic active particles. We focus on advances crystallization, melting solid highlight challenges future perspectives transition studies within crystals.