Masonry and Earthquakes: Material Properties, Experimental Testing and Design Approaches

摘要: Earthquakes are natural disasters which can occur without warning and they affect large areas. often accompanied by aftershocks may cause additional damage to an already damaged structure or lead failure. Consequences of earthquakes, such as rock falls, fires, explosions etc., be very in the affected An example is 1906 earthquake San Francisco. Thereby many lives were killed ensuing fire. But not only past events have had fatal consequences, also recent years caused countless deaths consequential damages e.g. 2010 Haiti with a death toll more than 250,000 people (Eberhard et al., 2011) 2011 Fukushima, Japan high nuclear power plant (Takewaki both earthquakes Christchurch, New Zealand on cultural heritage (Ingham & Griffith, 2011; Ingham 2011).