Integrated Pest Management: A Global Overview of History, Programs and Adoption

摘要: World-wide, integrated pest management (IPM) has become the accepted strategy for plant protection over last five decades. Cotton growers in Canete valley, Peru were amongst first to adopt a combination of practices save cotton crop from ravages caused by pests despite applying 16 insecticide sprays on average. However, it was not until 1959, that concept ‘‘integrated management’’ born United States America (USA). A panel experts Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) put IPM operation 1968. Advancements made systems developing sustainable strategies USA, Europe, Australia, Asia, Latin Africa have generally resulted wider adoption IPM, though there been some successes. Pesticides remain main-stay many programs throughout globe. In USA is government legislation mechanisms implementation evaluation programs, especially where innovation involving government, researchers, farmers, advisory agencies market forces are part system reduce pesticide use. countries farmer education gained impetus since 1989, through Farmer Field School (FFS) extension methodology, originally developed educating farmers rice IPM. The FFS model spread Asia America, Eastern Europe. systematic periodic provides feedback improving formulating future strategies, but no assessing extent long term impact. This chapter broad overview policies North Africa.