Not so bad: avoidance and aversive discounting modulate threat appraisal in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex

摘要: The dorsal anterior cingulate (adACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) play a central role in the discrimination appraisal of threatening stimuli. Yet, little is known about what specific features situations recruit these regions how avoidance may modulate activation through prevention aversive events. In this investigation, thirty healthy adults underwent functional neuroimaging while completing an task which responses to Avoidable CS+ threat prevented delivery stimulus, but not Unavoidable threat. Extinction testing was also completed where CSs were presented without stimulus opportunity avoid. relative associated with reductions ratings negative valence, fear, US expectancy activation. Greater regional consistently observed during avoidance, declined extinction. Individuals exhibiting greater discounting---more avoidant immediate monetary loss compared larger delayed loss---also displayed CS+, highlighting discounting as significant individual difference variable. These are first results linking adACC/dmPFC reactivity avoidance-based events modulation by differences discounting.