Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography.

摘要: Our objective was to confirm flow patterns of the left renal vein and assess usefulness color Doppler sonography in diagnosis entrapment, or nutcracker, syndrome.Forty-four patients with hematuria unknown origin underwent sonography, arteriography, retrograde venography, renocaval pressure measurement. The were classified according presence absence distended veins on sonograms collateral venograms. sensitivity specificity for revealing nutcracker syndrome assessed by analyzing gradients combination venograms, which used as gold standard.Twenty-one nondistended seen, including 19 (43%) without hypertension two (5%) but (long-term syndrome). 23 included seven ...