CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Cancer

摘要: Aberrant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation is an important epigenetic change in various cancers. During carcinogenesis, DNA preferentially occurs promoter CpG islands, which do not usually undergo normal cells. Promoter island causes transcriptional silencing of the corresponding gene and thus regarded as one mechanisms tumour suppressor inactivation. In human cancers, unique molecular phenotype characterised by extensive islands hypermethylation has been referred to methylator (CIMP). Although characteristic clinicopathological associations CIMP have identified some types malignancies, there a lack consensus regarding diagnostic criteria for CIMP, prognostic/predictive values cancers controversial. Key Concepts Aberrant hallmarks cancers. The (CIMP) indicates subtype cancer widespread methylation. CIMP representatively colorectal gastric brain gliomas. CIMP+ are associated with serrated neoplasia pathway poor prognosis, but predictive value remains controversial. CIMP+ Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity and/or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status. CIMP+ gliomas isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. Keywords: epigenetics; DNA methylation; CpG phenotype; colorectal cancer; gastric cancer; glioma