Application of Behavioral Theories to Disaster and Emergency Health Preparedness: A Systematic Review.

摘要: Background: Preparedness for disasters and emergencies at individual, community organizational levels could be more effective tools in mitigating (the growing incidence) of disaster risk ameliorating their impacts. That is, to play significant roles reduction (DRR). efforts focus on changing human behaviors ways that reduce people’s increase ability cope with hazard consequences. While preparedness initiatives have used behavioral theories facilitate DRR, many been little is known about which are commonly used, where they why preferred over alternative theories. Given differ respect the variables relationship between them, a systematic analysis an essential first step answering questions relative utility providing robust evidence base components DRR strategies. The goal this review was search summarize by assessing application emergency health across world. Methods: protocol prepared study objectives, questions, inclusion exclusion criteria, sensitive strategies were developed pilot-tested beginning study. Using selected keywords, articles searched mainly PubMed, Scopus, Mosby’s Index (Nursing Index) Safetylit databases. Articles assessed based titles, abstracts, full texts. data extracted from results presented using qualitative quantitative methods. Results: In total, 2040 450 abstracts 62 texts eligibility whilst five archived other sources, then finally, 33 selected. Health Belief Model (HBM), Extended Parallel Process (EPPM), Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) Social Cognitive Theories most applied influenza (H1N1 H5N1), floods, earthquake hazards. Studies predominantly conducted USA (13 studies). Asia, annual number victims exceeds those continents, only three studies identified. Overall, main constructs HBM (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers), EPPM (higher threat higher efficacy), TPB (attitude subjective norm), majority utilized associated diverse However, while all described above describe relationships constituent variables, exception research Theories, few models path identify interdependence respective theories/models. Similarly, identified how mediating influence preparedness. Conclusions: existing chiefly countries. This raises issues regarding countries, particularly Asisa Middle East, cultural characteristics very different prevailing Western countries tested. discussed here disease outbreaks natural hazards, information as guides man-made hazards lacking. Hence, future related addressing need target developing consequent high. A additional work demonstrating constructs, including clearly articulating effects also analysis.