Arsenic in agricultural soils across China: Distribution pattern, accumulation trend, influencing factors, and risk assessment.

摘要: Arsenic (As) in the environment is of concern due to its strong toxicity and high risks ecosystems humans. In this study, soil samples across China collected 2011 2016 were used determine concentrations arsenic arable soils. The median concentration surface soils was 9.7 mg/kg. inventory Chinese agricultural estimated be 3.7 × 10^6 tons. general, contamination found higher South Northeast than other regions, with means 18.7 15.8 mg/kg, respectively. Vertically, top layer (0–15 cm) (median 9.8 mg/kg) decreased depth (medians 8.9 mg/kg at 15–30 cm 8.0 30–45 cm). By comparing published data, an increasing accumulation trend over past decades enhancement positively related long-term application fertilizers practice, especially phosphate fertilizers. Soil pH affect movement soil, high-pH conditions enhanced pool arsenic. ecological risk assessment revealed that posed a low ecosystem. Regarding human health, mean hazard indices (HIs) below 1, suggesting absence non-carcinogenic risks. addition, cancer all within acceptable range (below 1 10^(−4)), indicating very exposed population. Findings from study are valuable provide effective management options for avoidance control persistent agriculture sector world.