Immune checkpoint blockade opens an avenue of cancer immunotherapy with a potent clinical efficacy

摘要: Recent progress in tumor immunology has revealed that tumors generate immunologically restrained milieu during the process of their growth, which facilitates escape from host immune systems. Immune checkpoint molecules, transduce co-inhibitory signals to immuno-competent cells, are one most important components conferring immunosuppressive capacity microenvironment. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) typical molecules intimately involved suppression anti-tumor immunity. Antibodies against those have been developed, such as ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody), nivolumab pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 approved by regulatory agencies used some countries. Treatment with these antibodies demonstrates previously unobserved clinical efficacies superior conventional therapies. In this review, we first discuss mechanisms cancer systems, then focus on recent advances blockade therapy new findings related reactions, aiming provide a better understanding novel immunotherapies.