Antiepileptic Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome Reactions

摘要: Host dependent idiosyncratic drug reactions, otherwise known as unpredictable type B are of a major concern in clinical practice and development. Hypersensitivity syndrome reactions nature may be induced by variety agents including antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The AEDs hypersensitivity is rare but potentially life-threatening that occurs after exposure to phenytoin, carbamazepine or phenobarbital. Phenobarbital, phenytoin carbamazepine, have shown cross-reactivity; while, no evidence cross reactivity between other such valproic acid, gabapentin lamotrigine has been observed. True reaction systemic disease defined the triad fever, skin eruption multi-organ involvement 1-8 weeks drug. Because most occur within two months treatment initiation, it likely true incidence underestimated. It was hypothesized reactive metabolite/s (RM) rather than parent drug, is/are responsible for initiating sequence toxic immunological events culminate clinically reaction. Cells possess surface antigens which T cells specific receptors then present this antigen. Exanthemas related delayed T-cell so memory might subsequently increase number severely affected cutaneous sites. To manage successfully, symptoms must recognized early, use offending terminated immediately, alternative medication should prescribed. Currently, diagnosis AEDs-induced syndromes based on grounds vitro testing. In field pharmacogenetics, we bare witness how effectively combination effective screening methods understanding role genetic polymorphisms play metabolic pathways facilitating new therapies allow scientists physicians better diagnose treat patients.