Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Microbial Extremophiles in Polar Environments

摘要: The microbial extremophiles that inhabit the polar regions of our planet are tremendous significance. psychrophilic and psychrotolerant microorganisms, which all cold environments on Earth have important applications to Bioremediation, Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, many other areas Biotechnology. Until recently, most research microorganisms was confined studies diatoms, yeast, fungi cyanobacteria. However, within past three decades, extensive been conducted understand bacteria archaea Arctic Antarctic sea-ice, glaciers, ice sheets, permafrost cryptoendolithic, cryoconite ice-bubble environments. These investigations resulted in discovery new genera species anaerobic aerobic extremophiles. Exotic enzymes, cold-shock proteins pigments produced by some from potential be great benefit Mankind. Knowledge about life is crucial understanding limitations biodiversity may provide valuable clues Origin Life Earth. viable ancient Fox Tunnel, Alaska deep Vostok Ice has shown can remain alive while cryopreserved ice. lithoautotrophic homoacetogen isolated anoxic trough Lake Untersee an ideal candidate for might comets or caps Mars. spontaneous release gas Anuchin Glacier above geysers erupt tiger stripe Saturn s moon Enceladus. methane productivity lower regimes also insights into possible mechanisms recently discovered releases Since water bearing bodies Solar system frozen worlds, Polar Regions importance Astrobiology where how search evidence elsewhere Cosmos.