Shaping of the nephron – a complex, vulnerable, and poorly explored backdrop for noxae impairing nephrogenesis in the fetal human kidney

摘要: The impairment of nephrogenesis is caused by noxae, all which are significantly different in molecular composition. These can cause an early termination nephron development preterm and low birth weight babies resulting oligonephropathy. For the fetal human kidney, there was no negative effect reported on stages anlage such as niche, pretubular aggregate, renal vesicle, or comma-shaped body. In contrast, pathological alterations were identified subsequently developing S-shaped bodies glomeruli. While atypical glomeruli closely analyzed, pre-stages received little attention even though passing process shaping. Since micrographs explanation about this substantial developmental period missing, shaping kidney during phase late gestation recorded from a microanatomical point view. starts with primitive still part aggregate at point. Then, extension complex separation observed. medial its distal pole fixed collecting duct ampulla, while lateral remains connected via progenitor cell strand. A final occurs, when extended vesicle develops into Henceforth, internal epithelial folding generates tubule glomerulus anlagen. Arising clefts aspect indicate asymmetrical expansion This leads to proximal pole, whereas center it results elongation segments. present investigation deals kidney. important phase, positioning, orientation, occur. demonstration previously unknown morphological details supports search for traces left nephrogenesis, enables refine assessment pathology, provides input design therapeutic concepts prolonging nephrogenesis.