Marine Scorpaenidae Envenomation in Travelers: Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention

摘要: BACKGROUND: The Scorpaenidae are a large family of venomous marine fish that include scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish. Although most stonefish confined to the Indo-Pacific, scorpionfish distributed in tropics worldwide, two species Indo-Pacific lionfish were inadvertently introduced into Eastern Atlantic 1990s. Since then, have invaded shallow reef systems Atlantic, Gulf Mexico, Caribbean Sea. All these regions popular travel destinations for beachcombing, fishing, swimming, scuba diving-recreational activities increase risks envenomation. METHODS: To meet objectives describing species-specific presenting clinical manifestations, diagnostic treatment strategies, outcomes envenomation travelers, Internet search engines queried with key words. RESULTS: Well-conducted, retrospective epidemiological investigations case series concluded: (1) cases occurred young adult male vacationers visiting endemic regions; (2) victims sought medical attention pain control within 2 hours injury presented intense pain, edema, erythema affected extremities; (3) systemic manifestations surgical interventions relatively uncommon following initial management hot water soaks parenteral analgesics; (4) all required tetanus prophylaxis; deeply penetrating, lacerated, necrotic wounds antibiotic (5) equine Fab antivenom does antigen-neutralizing cross-reactivities both is indicated severe worldwide. CONCLUSIONS: Travel medicine practitioners should counsel their patients about maintain high index suspicion regarding travelers returning from tropical beach ocean holidays reporting painful sting injuries. Language: en