Pontine Mechanisms of Respiratory Control

摘要: Pontine respiratory nuclei provide synaptic input to medullary rhythmogenic circuits shape and adapt the breathing pattern. An understanding of this statement depends on appreciating as a behavior, rather than stereotypic rhythm. In review, we focus pontine-mediated inspiratory off-switch (IOS) associated with postinspiratory glottal constriction. Further, IOS is examined in context pontine regulation resistance response multimodal sensory inputs higher commands, which turn rules timing, duration, patterning airflow. addition, network plasticity control emerges during development pons. Synaptic required for dynamic efficient modulation expiratory pattern cope rapid changes from eupneic adaptive linked exploratory (foraging sniffing) expulsive (vocalizing, coughing, sneezing, retching) behaviors, well conveyance basic emotions. The speed complexity behaving animals implies that “learning breathe” necessary adjust changing internal external states maintain homeostasis survival. © 2012 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 2:2443-2469, 2012.