OBSERVATIONS Regularization in Short-Term Memory for Serial Order

摘要: Previous research has shown that short-term memory for serial order can be influenced by background knowledge concerning regularities of sequential structure. Specifically, it been recall is superior sequences fit well with familiar sequencing constraints. The authors report a corresponding effect pertaining to errors. Undergraduate participants performed immediate on pseudowords generated the basis an artificial grammar. After extensive experience this material, errors displayed bias toward regularizing responses, response more probable, respect grammar, than originally presented stimulus sequence. This regularization squares recent trace redintegration and Bayesian models recall, appears represent analog schema-based error patterns observed in other domains memory. In classic study Baddeley, Conrad, Hull (1965) demonstrated consonant strings were better recalled when they contained high-frequency letter transitions low-frequency transitions. bigram frequency (later replicated Kantowitz, Ornstein, & Schwartz, 1972; Mayzner Schoenberg, 1964) provides one numerous demonstrations domain-specific Even before Baddeley et al.’s study, Miller Selfridge (1951) had words word containing More recently, number studies have nonwords high-frequency, versus low-frequency, phoneme (a phonotactic effect; Gathercole, 1995; Frankish, Pickering, Peaker, 1999; Willis, Emslie, 1991; Grant al., 1997; Roodenrys Hinton, 2002; van Bon der Pijl, 1997). each these instances, structure exerts clear influence sequence memory, highly probable less ones. addition being interesting its own right, finding may also important implications understanding language acquisition (Storkel, 2001) constraining