A Systematic Review of the Sources of Dietary Salt Around the World.

摘要: Excess salt intake contributes to hypertension and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Efforts implement effective salt-reduction strategies require accurate data on the sources of consumption. We therefore performed a systematic review identify dietary around world. systematically searched peer-reviewed gray literature databases for studies that quantified discretionary (salt added during cooking or at table) nondiscretionary those provided information about food groups contributing intake. Exploratory linear regression analysis was also conducted assess whether proportion is related gross domestic product (GDP) per capita country. identified 80 in 34 countries between 1975 2018. The majority (n = 44, 55%) collected within past 10 y were deemed have low moderate risk bias 75, 94%). Thirty-two (40%) judged be nationally representative. Populations Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Guatemala, India, Japan, Mozambique, Romania received more than half their daily from sources. A significant inverse correlation country's GDP observed (P < 0.0001), such every $10,000 increase GDP, amount obtained lower by 8.7% (95% CI: 5.1%, 12%). Bread products, cereal grains, meat dairy products major contributors most populations. There marked variation use world highly correlated with level economic development. Our findings important implications type strategy likely