Experimental Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

摘要: With estimated 1 080 000 diagnosed cases each year, which account for 1.1% of all deaths, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks fourth in cancer-related deaths both sexes worldwide (WHOSIS, 2008). In Europe, CRC is the third most lethal malignancy after lung and stomach cancers men, it second breast cancer women progression characterized by increased growth primary as well lymphatic haematogenic spread. The liver often first vascular bed disseminating cells are trapped therefore affected up to 10-20% patients at time presentation (Berney, et al., 1998). Another 40-50% will eventually develop metastasis during course their illness, commonly cause death (Bentrem, 2005, Stangl, 1994, Sugarbaker, 1990). At present, resection considered treatment choice suited with metastases, offering a five-year survival rate 25-44% (Choti, 2002, Garden, 2006, Zacharias, 2004) those 20-25% isolated (Adson, 1984, Bismuth, 1996, Fong, 1999). Unfortunately, this procedure feasible only no signs irresectable extra-hepatic disease, whereas median 9–19 months unresectable disease who receive systemic chemotherapy (de Gramont, 2000, Giacchetti, Meyerhardt Mayer, Saltz, 2000). However, fact that develops over long period can be efficiently controlled if detected early provokes many efforts better understand neoplastic cancer. It known, there continuous shedding tumor from (Chambers, 2002), but not disseminated into macrometastases. was hypothesized sub-populations malignant evolve genetic advantage become “highly metastatic”. These clones skilled dissociate cancer, intravasate nearby blood vessels, travel through hematogenous systems, survive immune surveillance, extravasate distant tissues forming micrometastases, colonize target organ. cascade, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), loss cell-to-cell adhesion cell polarity (Thiery, 2003), plays crucial role different stages;