Review: Deep groundwater research with focus on Germany

摘要: While research focuses mainly on the intensively used shallower aquifers, only a little has addressed groundwater movement in deeper aquifers. This is because of negligible relevance deep for daily usage and great efforts high costs associated with its access. In last few decades, discussion about geological final repositories radioactive waste generated strong demand investigation characterization deep-lying Other utilizations underground have been added to discussion: use geothermal energy, potential CO2 storage, sources potable water as an alternative geogenic or anthropogenic contaminated shallow As consequence, fast growing requirement knowledge understanding these dynamic systems spurred accordingly development suitable test methods, which currently show considerable limitations. review provides overview history research. Deep flow main hydrogeological units presented based six projects methods used. The study Germany two other locations Europe.