Elaboration and characterisation of novel low-cost adsorbents from grass-derived sulphonated lignin

摘要: Abstract This study investigated the use of water-soluble sulphonated lignin (SL) extracted from grass, which has not been used before as a precursor activated carbon (AC). Chemical activation SL with three dehydrating salts (ZnCl 2 , KCl, Fe (SO 4 ) 3 · x H O) at various salt concentrations (10%, 20%, 30% w/w), charring temperatures (600, 700 °C) and times (1, 2 h) carried out. The surface characteristics removal efficiencies cadmium, copper zinc ions aqueous solutions were affected by conditions. lignin-based carbons (SLACs) highest specific area, total pore micropore volume produced lowest concentration (10% w/w) 700 °C 2-h charring. These optimal ACs named SLAC-ZC (optimal grass-derived SLAC chloride); SLAC-PC potassium chloride) SLAC-FS ferric sulphate). central composite design response methodology different SLACs showed that responses achieved same operating also Cd 2+ Cu Zn solutions. chemical had significantly increased porosity, microporosity area SL. mechanism depended on where porosity developed dehydration effect ZnCl series hydrolysis redox reactions for other two salts. results this research demonstrated great potential novel production carbons.