The effects on water mass formation of surface mixed layer timedependence and entrainment fluxes

摘要: Abstract An air-sea buoyancy flux out of the ocean between surface outcroppings different isopycnals must be balanced by a convergence advective and diffusive fluxes across those (Walin, 1982; Tziperman, 1986; Garrett et al. , 1995). For steady conditions, diapycnal due to vertical mixing in mixed layer is very small, so that dominates (Speer, 1993; The associated can then used estimate volume water base layer. resulting thermodynamic algorithm provides valuable mass formation ocean. In contrast, for time-dependent real with horizontal gradients gradient, diurnal seasonal deepening entrainment presence jump at contributes annual deepest (wintertime) mismatch predictions ideal measured rates 1997) may thus partly processes rather than thermocline.