Out of the North Sea: the Zeeland ridges Neandertal.

摘要: Abstract In 2001, a portion of human frontal bone was discovered in sediments extracted from the bottom North Sea, 15 km off coast Netherlands. The extraction zone is located so-called Zeeland Ridges area at 51°40′ northern latitude and 3°20′ eastern longitude. specimen dredged up containing Late Pleistocene faunal remains Middle Palaeolithic artefacts, including well-finished small handaxes Levallois flakes. details supraorbital morphology, as well quantitative assessment shape external surface squama using traditional 3D geometric morphometrics, unambiguously assign to Homo neanderthalensis. Carbon nitrogen isotopic analysis indicate that hominin, like other Neandertals, highly carnivorous does not show evidence for consumption aquatic foods. A lesion on outer table diploic layer supratoral sulcus can be interpreted result an intradiploic epidermoid cyst, type neoplasm diagnosed first time Neandertal remains. So far, fossil hominin found under seawater recorded