Models for integrated pest control and their biological implications.

摘要: Successful integrated pest management (IPM) control programmes depend on many factors which include host-parasitoid ratios, starting densities, timings of parasitoid releases, dosages and insecticide applications levels host-feeding parasitism. Mathematical models can help us to clarify predict the effects such stability systems, we illustrate here by extending classical continuous discrete an IPM programme. The results indicate that one three methods maintain host level below economic threshold (ET) in relation different ET levels, initial densities populations ratios. intrinsic growth rate searching efficiency mean outbreak period be calculated numerically from presented. instantaneous killing application is also estimated models. imply modelling described design appropriate strategies assist decision-making. a high density parasitoids (such as inundative releases) inter-generational survival rates will lead more frequent outbreaks and, therefore, greater damage. biological implications this counter intuitive result are discussed.