Constraints Evolve: Context Dependency of Gene Effects Allows Evolution of Pleiotropy

摘要: Evolutionary constraint due to pleiotropy refers a situation in which mutations genes shared among traits generate trait covariance; therefore, that are not directly exposed selective challenge show correlated response. When such response is deleterious, it may constrain the from evolving. Here, we argue idea of absolute constraints draws perception gene effects inherent alleles and thus invariant across genetic environmental backgrounds. However, evidence studies involving on multiple traits, observed different backgrounds environments, supports notion genes' change. Consequently, also varies We for stronger emphasis interaction when describing trait's basis its evolutionary potential. By discussing cases individuation, demonstrate how this approach can lead new insights.