Tall and shrinking Muslims, short and growing Europeans: The long-run welfare development of the Middle East, 1850–1980

摘要: Abstract In this study we examine anthropometric data for eight countries in the Middle East period 1850–1910, and follow those until 1980s. The had a relatively good position during mid-19th century, if human stature or real wages are considered, but much less so terms of GDP per capita. Initially low population densities allowed better outcomes. height advantage was due, among other factors, to easier access animal products. All indicators suggest that lost ground after 1870s relative industrializing Countries.