The impact of sub-national institutions

摘要: This paper assesses the effect of sub-national institutions on economic performance Russia's regions (oblasts, republics, krais and okrugs) from 2001 to 2008, a period rapid advancement recentralization. Approximating with RA Expert index investment risk, we find that reduction in risk by one standard deviation increases output 1.4 percent short run 11.9 long run, suggesting substantial regional gap government practices, despite intensive political Assuming main components effective governance are running satisfactory public health programmes aimed at decreasing overall mortality among working-age population, creating fair labour market conditions improving institutional climate encourage fixed assets, argue remain important for growth post-Soviet Russia after 2000. contributes literature persistence.