作者: Masashi Kunitake , Satoshi Watanabe , Akihiro Ohira
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63739-0.00003-7
关键词:
摘要: The widespread use of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques has revolutionized many scientific and industrial fields, especially material science, by allowing the surface morphology to be visualized composition or properties materials probed at atomic submolecular scale. Here, we review recent innovations in SPM applied modern from two-dimensional covalent supramolecular systems based on bottom-up nanotechnology advanced development for polymer electrolyte fuel cells thin film solar. Among variety methods, electrochemical tunneling microscopy, force conductive Kelvin are discussed.