Multiphase Flow and Transport Processes in the Subsurface: A Contribution to the Modeling of Hydrosystems

摘要: 1. Introduction.- 1.1 Problem classification.- 1.2 formulation and exact definition of the subject.- 1.2.1 Application different models.- 1.2.2 Remarks on term model.- 1.2.3 Objective structure this book.- 2. Fundamental principles conceptual modeling.- 2.1 Preliminary remarks.- 2.1.1 General 2.1.2 Definitions fundamental terms.- 2.2 System properties.- 2.2.1 Mass mole fractions.- 2.2.2 Density.- 2.2.3 Viscosity.- 2.2.4 Specific enthalpy, specific internal energy.- 2.2.5 Surface tension.- 2.2.6 heat capacity.- 2.3 Phase state, phase transition, change.- 2.3.1 state.- 2.3.2 2.4 Capillarity.- 2.4.1 Microscopic capillarity.- 2.4.2 Macroscopic 2.4.3 Capillarity in fractures.- 2.5 Hysteresis.- 2.6 Definition saturations.- 2.7 Relative permeability.- 2.7.1 Permeability.- 2.7.2 permeability at micro scale.- 2.7.3 macro 2.7.4 permeability-saturation relation 2.7.5 Fracture-matrix interaction.- 2.8 Pressure temperature dependence porosity.- Mathematical 3.1 balance equation.- 3.1.1 Preconditions assumptions.- 3.1.2 The Reynolds transport theorem integral form.- 3.1.3 Derivation general 3.1.4 Initial boundary conditions.- 3.1.5 Choice primary variables.- 3.2 Continuity equation per phase.- 3.2.1 Time derivative.- 3.3 Momentum Darcy's law.- 3.3.1 3.3.2 law single-phase flow.- 3.3.3 Generalization for multiphase 3.4 form flow 3.4.1 formulation.- 3.4.2 Pressure-saturation 3.4.3 Saturation 3.4.4 modeling three-phase infiltration remobilization processes.- 3.5 Transport 3.5.1 Basic 3.5.2 a system.- 3.5.3 Description mass transfer between phases.- 3.5.4 Multicomponent processes gas 3.6 Energy 3.7 Multiphase/multicomponent 4. Numerical 4.1 Classification.- 4.1.1 special solution methods.- 4.1.2 Fundamentals discretization.- 4.1.3 Conservative 4.1.4 Weighted residual method.- 4.2 Finite element finite volume 4.2.1 Spatial 4.2.2 types.- 4.2.3' Galerkin 4.2.4 Sub domain collocation - 4.2.5 4.3 Linearization problem.- 4.3.1 Weak nonlinearities.- 4.3.2 Strong 4.3.3 Handling 4.3.4 Example: Linearized two-phase 4.4 Discussion instationary hyperbolic (convective) 4.4.1 Classification differential equations.- 4.4.2 A linear 4.4.3 quasilinear Buckley-Levereit 4.4.4 Analytical solutions Buckley-Lev ereit 4.5 Special discretization 4.5.1 Motivation.- 4.5.2 Upwind method difference 4.5.3 Explicit upwind first order Fully Upwind.- 4.5.4 Multidimensional order.- 4.5.5 higher TVD techniques.- 4.5.6 Implicit 4.5.7 Petrov-Galerkin 4.5.8 Additional remarks conservative 4.5.9 Flux-corrected 4.5.10 Mixed-hybrid 5. Comparison 5.1 Discretization.- 5.1.1 5.1.2 (box method).- 5.2 Boundedness principle discussion monotonic solution.- 5.3 Comparative study methods homogeneous porous media.- 5.3.1 Multiphase without capillary pressure effects 5.3.2 with McWhorter 5.4 Heterogeneity effects.- 5.5 heterogeneous 5.6 Five-spot waterflood 6. Test problems applications.- 6.1 DNAPL-Infiltration.- 6.2 LNAPL-Infiltration.- 6.3 Non-isothermal multiphase/multicomponent 6.3.1 Heat pipe.- 6.3.2 Study bench-scale experiments.- 7. Final remarks.