Sharing-rule and detection of free-riders in cooperative groups: Evolutionarily important deontic reasoning in the Wason Selection task

摘要: Taking a Darwinian approach, we propose that people reason to detect free-riders on the Wason Selection task with sharing-rule; If one receives resource, is an in-group member (standard), or member, resource (switched). As predicted, taking resource-provider's perspective, both undergraduates and children (11 12 years old) checked for existence of out-group members undeserved resource. Changing perspective resource-recipient did not alter selection pattern in undergraduates, although prediction was another type free-riding—failure share by resource-provider—would be as well. However, removing confounding factors materials, types free-riding, which fully supports prediction. These results indicate sharing-rule elicits thematic content effect cannot explained preceding deontic reasoning theories.