A Permutation-Randomization Approach to Test the Spatial Distribution of Plant Diseases

摘要: The analysis of the spatial distribution plant diseases requires availability trustworthy geostatistical methods. mean distance tests (MDT) are here proposed as a series permutation and randomization to assess when variable phytopathological interest is categorical. A user-friendly software perform provided. Estimates power type I error, obtained with Monte Carlo simulations, showed reliability MDT (power > 0.80; error < 0.05). biological validation on spores two fungal pathogens causing root rot conifers was successfully performed by verifying consistency between responses previously published data. An application carried out analyze relation plantation density infection Gnomoniopsis castanea, an emerging pathogen nut sweet chestnut. Trees carrying nuts infected were randomly distributed in areas different densities, suggesting that G. castanea not related density. could be used both agricultural natural ecosystems.