作者: Heljä Oikarinen
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40558-7_8
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摘要: Early diagnosis of biliary cancers would be important to improve their prognosis, and accurate staging help choose the best possible treatment. However, present specific diagnostic challenges. Imaging modalities, imaging-guided fine-needle aspiration, endoscopic brush samples play a crucial role in work-up. there is no single modality capable reliably detecting accurately cancers; hence, complementary modalities are usually needed. Transabdominal ultrasound (US) often first imaging applied patients with jaundice or nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints. US visualizes bile duct obstruction suitable method for assessing even mild symptoms, it noninvasive, nonradiative, commonly available. If malignancy suspected, further investigations performed after US. Magnetic resonance (MRI) multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) may yield additional information tumor and/or its extent. Fast-imaging techniques have made MRI potentially more valuable, magnetic cholangiography (MRC) least invasive mode cholangiography, which useful case obstruction. MDCT can produce multiplanar reconstructions good quality but has exposed relatively high dose radiation. In ambiguous cases, both Direct provide most anatomic ducts. It also needed therapeutic purposes Further, positron emission (PET), PET/CT, intraductal work-up, when