Upper Pleistocene human dispersals out of Africa: A Review of the current state of the debate

摘要: Although there is a general consensus on African origin of early modern humans, disagreement about how and when they dispersed to Eurasia. This paper reviews genetic Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic archaeological literature from northeast Africa, Arabia, the Levant assess timing geographic backgrounds Upper Pleistocene human colonization At center discussion lies question whether eastern Africa alone was source dispersals into Eurasia or were other loci expansions outside Africa? The reviewed hints at two modes in Pleistocene: (i) multiple Homo sapiens populations that had entered South Asia, prior soon after onset Last Interglacial (MIS-5), (ii) rapid dispersal out East via Southern Route (across Red Sea basin), dating ~74–60 kya.