Applications of Biotechnology in Kiwifruit (Actinidia)

摘要: Actinidia is a genus of 55 species and about 76 taxa native to central China with wide geographic distribution throughout South Eastern Asia (X. Li et al., 2009). Palaeobiological studies estimate be at least 20–26 million years old (Qian & Yu, 1991). are vigorous long-lived perennial vines, producing oblong or spherical berries that vary considerably in shape colour (Fig. 1). normally dioecious, but occasional plants have perfect flowers (A. R. Ferguson, 1984). The basic chromosome number X=29, diploid 58. During evolution may duplicated (McNeilage Considine, 1989), followed by an aneuploid event, such as breakage centromere, give additional (He 2005). has reticulate polyploidy structure, diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids octaploids occurring diminishing frequency Ferguson 1997). unusual interand intra-taxal variation ploidy Huang, 2007; A. 1997), with, for example, chinensis found both tetraploid arguta usually tetraploid, also diploid, hexaploid octaploid. In this chapter, we will describe advances plant tissue culture molecular biology the present future applications these biotechnology techniques kiwifruit breeding germplasm improvement.