Experiments, Models, Paper Tools: Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century

摘要: Preface Introduction 1. The Semiotics of Berzelian Chemical Formulas Various Meanings Image and Language: Syntax 2. Two Cultures Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century: A Structural Comparison Area Research Objects Early Nineteenth-Century Plant Animal Substances: Cross between Natural History Classification Substances "Nature" "Art" Experimental Practice Culture after 1840 Forms Compared 3. Experiments on Periphery Ether Production Commercial Pharmacy Interpretive Models Formation Ordinary around 1800 Quantitative Approaches Study Reactions Simplified Manufacture an Artificial Oil Laboratory New Attempts to Balance Masses Reacting Overthrow Accepted Model 4. Paper Tools for Construction Historical Problem Modeling Separate Reaction Pathways Performative Function 5. Structure Dumas Boullay's Table Experimentation Formula "Compounds Bicarbonated Hydrogen" Enlargement Substance Classes by Further Manipulations Their Significance Reception among European Chemists 6. Constitution Compounds Shared Conceptual Preconditions Prior 1833 Controversy 7. Dialectic Goals Account Development Creation Mutual Adjustments Its Reflection Mode Justification 8. Transformation Process Unintended Paradigmatic Achievements 9. Filling Gaps Inscription Devices Chains Inscriptions Notes Literature Cited Index