Sub 30-nm resolution compact x-ray microscopy

摘要: Soft x-ray microscopy is a powerful technique for natural-contrast, high-resolution imaging of organic materials. This Thesis describes new instrumentational and image-processing methods to improve the image quality compact microscope at Biomedical & X-Ray Physics division KTH. The based on laser-plasma source combined with different condenser optics, either multilayer mirrors or zone plates. Imaging performed by micro works in water window (\lambda = 2.3-4.4 nm), where attenuation lengths oxygen carbon differ strongly, providing high natural contrast carbon-containing specimens an aqueous environment. By optimizing properties fabricating high, uniform reflectivity, performance microscope's illumination system could be improved exposure times decreased significantly about 2 min dry samples 5 wet samples. For samples, wet-specimen chamber was developed, which vacuum-compatible. Since it horizontally mounted microscope, offers advantages investigations polymer soil science. To images taken image-restoration algorithm developed. Denoising filtering discrete wavelet transform. shows compared Fourier-based algorithms, since spatial frequencies done locally. An improvement time factor realized without loss information. stimulate experiments functional image-analysis identifying colloidal-gold particles combination threshold respect local absorption shape discrimination, fitting Gaussian profile potential particles. evaluated optimized transmission BESSY II. size-selective identification localization single gold down diameter 50 nm demonstrated.