Managing pain: the fifth vital sign.

摘要: Organizational endorsement for a dynamic, comprehensive pain management program began in the early 1990s, and included assessment, education, interventions, reassessment. Based on study findings recommendations from national guidelines authoritative resources, retooling updating of was shaped to include multidisciplinary team approach, principles Total Quality Improvement, outcomes management. Guided by Center Advanced Nursing Practice's Evidence-Based Practice Model leadership clinical nurse specialists, organization-wide initiatives have contributed improved practices. The end-point goal that demonstrates positive patient along care continuum provides an opportunity merged health organizations at two sites. This challenge will be supported model continuous quality improvement, processes are complementary assuring best practice.