Particle effective density and mass during steady-state operation of GDI, PFI, and diesel passenger cars

摘要: Abstract Particle effective density is an important physical property of vehicle exhaust, and required for estimating particulate matter (PM) mass emissions using the Integrated Size Distribution (IPSD) method. In this study, we measure particle five light-duty vehicles with PM below Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) III standards 1 or 3 mg/mi (0.62 1.86 mg/km) Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) – Centrifugal Mass (CPMA) approach. Test included two gasoline direct injection (GDI) without filters, first time reported in literature, port-fuel injected (PFI) a turbocharged (TDI) diesel filter (DPF). The functions generally resemble previous work on GDI engines filters but, many size ranges, PFI TDI produced higher densities than vehicles. Good linear correlation was found between gravimetric IPSD methods when applying new to distribution measured by TSI Engine Exhaust Sizer (EEPS, 5.6–560 nm, R 2 =0.84); however, method underestimated 64%. When Aerodynamic (APS, 0.54–2.5 µm) contribution larger particles, underestimation bias virtually eliminated improved dramatically ( =0.96). Even stronger achieved Scanning (SMPS, 8.7–365 nm) APS =0.97). A procedure correcting EEPS measurements SMPS presented evaluated.