Low-Frequency Noise Spectroscopy at Nanoscale: Carbon Nanotube Materials and Devices

摘要: This section presents brief description of peculiarities carbon materials and advantages noise spectsroscopy for the study unique nanotubes (CNT) devices. In general, is truly an extraordinary material with physical structures spanning three dimensional (3D) graphite, two-dimensional (2D) graphene zero-dimensional (0D) buckyballs or buckminster fullerine spheres. It not surprising that structural characteristics thus yield band diagrams displaying a diverse array properties. When 2D sheet rolled into cylinder, one-dimensional (1D) quasi-1D form results, namely CNTs, which have been one most extensively studied since their discovery. A single rolled-up results in single-walled nanotube (SWNT) typical diameter 1 – 2 nm. The rolling direction characterized by chiral index ( , ) n m . Achiral zigzag ,0) armchair CNTs are distinguished from rest (chiral CNTs). Armchair tubes always metallic, while can be semiconducting metallic (Reich et al., 2004). Multi-walled (MWNTs) consist concentric cylinders interlayer spacing 0.3 0.4 nm, diameters at least order magnitude larger than SWNTs, between 10 30 high elastic modulus, strength, show efficient conductivity heat, exhibit thermal chemical stability, flexibility, low mass density, electrical properties (metallic semiconductivity) makes them excellent candidates nano-devices polymer composite (Sanchez-Pomales 2010; Service, 1998). At same time extremely difficult to manage due solubility both aqueous organic solvents, restrict extent applications. Therefore main challenges need development new functionalization chemistries increase without altering Transport molecular SWand MWNT-field-effect transistors (FETs) dominated holes and, room temperature, it appears diffusive (Martel Using gate electrode, conductance SWNT-FET modulated