Lysosomes: A Survey

摘要: I. General Considerations and Background.- I.1. Perspectives.- I.2. Definitions.- I.2.1. Functional Categories.- I.2.2. Outline of Lysosome Functioning in Phagocytes.- I.2.3. Additional Terms: Heterophagy Autophagy.- I.3. Characterization Lysosomes.- I.3.1. Basic Biochemical Characteristics I.3.1.1. Key Features I.3.1.2. The Lysosomal Enzymes.- I.3.1.3. Digestion I.3.1.4. "Permeability".- I.3.2. Some Cytochemical Morphological Characteristics.- I.3.2.1. Methods.- I.3.2.2. Studies Exogenous Tracers.- I.3.2.3. Lysosomes: "Matrix" Materials Other Non-Enzymatic Components.- I.4. Categories II. Formation, Fate.- 1. Heterophagy.- II.1.1. II.1.2. Specificity.- II.1.3. Transport Acid Hydrolases.- II.1.3.1. Formation Primary Lysosomes PMN Leukocytes.- II.1.3.2. Macrophages.- II.1.4. Fusion Phenomena, "Reuse" Membranes.- II.1.4.1. "Recycling".- II.1.4.2. Energetics Control Movements II.1.4.3. Membranes Fusion.- II.1.4.4. the Surface: Enzymes, Changes Stability.- II.1.4.5. Acidification.- II.2. Hydrolase Cells than II.2.1. GERL.- II.2.2. Endoplasmic Reticulum Findings.- II.3. II.3.1. Morphology.- II.3.2. Mode Autophagie Vacuoles.- II.3.2.1. Source Delimiting II.3.2.2. II.3.3. Crinophagy.- II.3.4. Aspects Specificity II.4. Multivesicular Bodies (MVB's).- II.4.1. Heterophagic Roles.- II.4.2. Participation II.4.2.1. Incorporation Secretory Material Intact Vesicles.- II.4.2.2. Degradation Participating Endocytosis.- II.4.2.3. Possible Roles Degrading Types Membrane.- II.4.2.4. Microautophagy.- II.5. Fate II.5.1. Release vs. Retention.- II.5.2. "Telolysosomes" Lipofuscin.- II.6. Heterogeneity.- III. Turnover Modulation.- III.1. Tissues Higher Animals Developmental Remodelling.- III.1.1. Background an Example: Red Blood Cell Life History.- III.1.1.1. Maturation Cells.- III.1.1.2. Destruction III.1.1.3. Iron Storage Release.- III.1.2. "Remodelling".- III.1.2.1. Case Histories: Insect Metamorphosis.- III.2. Extracellular Materials.- III.2.1. Connective Tissue III.2.1.1. Cartilage.- III.2.1.2. Osteoclasts.- III.2.1.3. Collagenases.- III.3. Circulating Macromolecules.- III.3.1. Selectivity.- III.4. Intracellular Turnover.- III.4.1. Methodological Perspectives Problems.- III.4.2. Bacteria.- III.4.3. Organelles Macromolecules Eucaryotes.- III.4.3.1. Points Experiments Paralleling those Done with Procaryotes.- III.4.3.2. that are not Components Membrane-Delimited Organelles.- III.4.3.3. Cytoplasmic Organdies.- III.5. Photoreceptor IV. Pathology.- IV.1. Diseases.- IV.1.1. Lipidoses Polysaccharidoses.- IV.1.2. Etiological Aspects.- IV.1.3. Interesting Disorders Uncertain Status.- IV.2. Infection.- IV.2.1. Entry Structures Macromolecular Dimensions into Cells: Viruses Toxic Proteins.- IV.2.2. Potentially Instructive Failures Defenses.- IV.2.3. Malaria.- IV.3. "Pathological" Enzymes to Spaces Arthritis, Inflammation, Related Phenomena.- IV.4. Hydrolases: Fragility, Labilizers, Stabilizers.- IV.4.1. IV.4.2. Silica Uric Acid.- IV.4.3. Stabilizers, Drugs, Inhibitors.- IV.5. Immune Responses.- IV.5.1. Macrophages "Processing" or "Presentation" Antigens.- IV.5.2. Lymphocyte Activation.- IV.5.3. Transfer Maternal Antibodies.- V. Special Topics Loose Ends.- V.1. Plant V.1.1. Senescence Death.- V.1.2. V.1.3. V.2. Hydrolases V.2.1. Processes Thyroid Gland.- V.2.2. Golgi Apparatus Secretion Granules.- V.2.3. Melanin.- V.3. Animal Gametes.- V.3.1. Sperm.- V.3.2. Eggs.- V.4. Closing Comments.- Acknowledgements.