A High Incidence of Brown-Headed Cowbird Parasitism of Willow Flycatchers
作者： James A. Sedgwick , Fritz L. Knopf
DOI: 10.2307/1368461
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摘要: Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) parasitize both Willow (Empidonax traillii) and Alder (E. alnorum) flycatchers (Friedmann et al. 1977, Friedmann Kiff 1985). These two were considered a single species until 1973 (AOU 1973), which has masked information about the frequency with each is parasitized. Whereas several studies of superspecies (Traill's Flycatcher) have focused on or included details cowbird parasitism, most eastern populations, reported frequencies
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