The effects of windstorm in African medium-sized cities: An analysis of the degree of damage using KDE hotspots and EF-scale matrix

摘要: Abstract Violent windstorms are becoming more prevalent in African inland towns and cities. Yet, very few studies have reported on their increasing occurrences sub-Saharan Africa's low-density medium-sized cities towns. This study uses Enhanced Fujita's F-scale matrix to estimate the intensity rank damage severity of a windstorm June 16, 2018 that ruined than 30 lives thousand buildings other essential structures within 2-h its destructive span Bauchi city northern Nigeria. A pictorial ranking some typical was carried out supplement results decision matrix. In total, 1,236 were identified with varying levels damage. Two techniques - Average Nearest Neighbor Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) implemented using Geographic information system (GIS) mapping spatial patterns hotspots. The reveal dominant wind speed most significant is 67 ± 20 ms – 1 traditional parts being worst hit by disaster. art science visual hotspots can support policymakers, first respondents, stakeholders co-design strategies co-produce effective solutions for climate extreme events related disaster risk.